Photoreflectance study of phosphorus passivation of GaAs (001)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a study of the effect of phosphorus passivation on the surface electric field of undoped GaAs using photoreflectance spectroscopy. Surface electric fields were determined in surface/intrinsic/n-type (s-i-n+) samples prepared with various surface phosphorus treatments. A comparison with H2S passivated films and InGaP capped layers prepared in situ in the same growth equipment is also presented. Phosphorus surface passivation was achieved by (1) exchange reaction of the GaAs surface under tertiarybutylphosphine vapor or (2) direct growth of GaP thin epitaxial layers. The total coverage of phosphorus has been estimated by x-ray diffraction techniques. We observe a maximum reduction of the surface Fermi level using epitaxially grown GaP with an effective coverage of two monolayers. Atomic force microscopy images of all passivation treatments exhibit excellent surface morphology without roughening. The passivation effects decreased somewhat over time but reductions in the Fermi level and density of surface states are still quite large after several months of air exposure.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".