Economic Impacts of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake and Tsunami
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of economic impacts in the first year after the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident—at an estimated ¥16.9 trillion (US$211 billion) in direct damage, the costliest natural disaster on record. Documented costs to date include ¥2.9 trillion in insurance payouts and ¥17.7 trillion in response and recovery budgets by the national government that will be financed largely by tax increases and bonds. In the regions with physical damage, fisheries and agriculture, among other sectors, were very hard hit. The disaster also caused measurable economic impacts well beyond the damage regions, including losses in gross domestic product (GDP), in manufacturing from supply‐chain disruptions, and in retail trade and tourism due to restrained consumption and radiation fears. Reduced capacity for generating electricity has led to substantial energy conservation nationwide. Results from applying a loss estimation model demonstrated good agreement with observed post‐disaster economic activity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it