Transboundary environmental impact assessment as part of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side agreement to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), was adopted in 1993 as an unprecedented response to growing environmental concerns about liberalized trade. The NAAEC created the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and established a broad framework for North American environmental cooperation. NAAEC Article 10(7) called for the NAFTA governments to work toward an agreement on transboundary environmental impact assessment (TEIA). Negotiation of a TEIA agreement among the NAFTA partners, only one of which (the USA) shares a border with the others, involved significant challenges, including differences among the domestic EIA legislation and policy regimes of Canada, Mexico and the USA. Fifteen years later, these challenges have so far prevented completion of a TEIA agreement. A clearer role for the CEC in supporting and facilitating negotiation of a TEIA agreement, and in supporting it once adopted, could help overcome these challenges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.045 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".