Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Dogs: Evaluation of a Nitinol-Polyester Self-Expanding Stent-Graft
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To validate the ease of deployment and in vivo healing performance of a nitinol-polyester self-expanding stent-graft using a canine thoracic aortic aneurysm model. METHODS: Arterial aneurysms were surgically created in 8 dogs by sewing a polyester patch onto the anterior side of the thoracic aorta. The nitinol-polyester self-expandable stent-grafts (Cragg EndoPro System 1) were implanted transluminally via the femoral route and deployed at the site of the thoracic aneurysm. Aneurysm exclusion and endograft patency were assessed by angiography after implantation and before animal sacrifice at scheduled periods ranging from 1 week to 3 months. The explanted specimens were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the position of the stent-graft with respect to the aneurysmal sac. Histological analysis using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was performed to examine the inflammatory response and healing characteristics of the device. RESULTS: Seven of 8 stent-grafts were implanted successfully; a bend occurred within the aneurysmal sac in 1 dog, which led to continued perfusion of side branches. This endoleak sealed spontaneously within 1 week, and complete exclusion of the aneurysms in all 8 animals continued throughout implantation. At the time of explantation, all devices were structurally intact and well positioned in the aneurysmal sac. At 1 week, the luminal surface displayed a thin layer of thrombotic matrix, which was gradually replaced by a collagenous internal capsule with endothelial-like cell coverage along both ends of the stent-grafts at 2 and 3 months. No exacerbated inflammatory reaction due to either the nitinol wires or the polyester sleeve was observed after 3 months of implantation. CONCLUSIONS: This short-term in vivo study of a nitinol-polyester self-expanding endograft demonstrated the effective exclusion of thoracic aneurysms with a satisfactory healing response and no excessive tissue or inflammatory reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".