Internal wave boundary layer interaction: A novel instability over broad topography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been known for some time that internal wave-induced currents can drive near bed instabilities in the bottom boundary layer over a flat bottom. When the bottom is not flat, the situation can become quite complicated, with a diverse set of mechanisms responsible for instability and the subsequent transition to turbulence. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate the existence of a mode of instability due to internal solitary wave propagation over broad topography that is fundamentally different from the two dominant paradigms of flow separation over sharp topography and global instability in the wave footprint that occurs over a flat bottom observed at high Reynolds number. We discuss both the two and three-dimensional evolution of the instability on experimental scales. The instability takes the form of a roll up of vorticity near the crest of the topography. As this region is unstratified in our simulations, little three-dimensionalization is observed. However, the instability-induced currents provide an efficient means to modulate across boundary layer transport. We subsequently extend the results to the field scale and discuss both the aspects of the instability that are consistent across scales and those that are different.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".