A Novel Approach to Identify the End of the Concentric Phase During Ballistic Upper-Body Movements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using an indirect means to identify the end of the concentric phase during a ballistic effort may over/underestimate calculations requiring an accurate definition of this position. Thirty men performed 4 ballistic bench press repetitions at 6 relative loads. Kinematic and kinetic data were acquired with a position transducer and portable force plate, respectively. Two pressure switches were fastened to the underside of the barbell, connected in parallel and wired such that their voltage would be zero until contact was lost. The point of release was defined as the position at which (a) the vertical force dropped below zero, (b) the load was held before initiating eccentric movement, and (c) the voltage of the switches rose above 1 V. Height thrown, as calculated by the position data, was significantly higher than both other analysis strategies at all loads (0.040-0.140 and 0.080-0.130 m greater than the switch and force methods, respectively). No significant differences were found between the switch and force, with the exception of the 15% 1 repetition maximum load. A direct method of measurement may be the most appropriate way to provide an accurate assessment of the means or temporal variables of any ballistic movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".