Additive Effect of 1-Propanol and 2-Propanol on Molecular Organization of H2O in the Water-Rich Region: Excess Chemical Potential, Partial Molar Enthalpy and Volume of 1-Propanol in 1-Propanol–2-Propanol–H2O at 25 °C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Excess chemical potential, μ1PE, partial molar enthalpy, H1PE and volume of 1-propanol, V1PE, were determined as a function of mole fraction of 1-propanol, x1P, in mixed solvents of aqueous 2-propanol with various initial mole fraction of 2-propanol, x2P0. The 1-propanol–1-propanol interaction functions, H1P–1PE ≡ N(∂H1PE/∂n1P), and V1P–1PE ≡ N(∂V1PE/∂n1P), were evaluated by graphical differentiation. The x1P-dependence of all these quantities indicates that 1-propanol and 2-propanol modify the molecular organization of H2O in the same and additive manner in the water-rich region. The additive effect of 1-propanol and that of 2-propanol are in the ratio of (0.07/0.08).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".