An investigation into the mechanical characteristics of select self-ligated brackets at a series of clinically relevant maximum torquing angles: loading and unloading curves and bracket deformation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Edgewise orthodontic treatment utilizes a force couple in order to achieve labial-lingual tooth angulation. Two self-ligating brackets (Damon Q and Speed) were examined across a range of clinically relevant torques in order to assess the loading and unloading curves and bracket deformation. A previously developed torquing and load measurement system was utilized to rotate a 0.199 × 0.25 in stainless steel wire in a fixed bracket slot to the following angles: 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 40 degrees. The torque on the bracket was measured during both wire loading and unloading cycles. The torque play for the Damon brackets was determined to increase by less than 0.4 degrees when torqued to 70 Nmm, whereas the increase for the Speed brackets was 2.1 degrees at the same torque magnitude. The deformation curves for the Damon and Speed brackets were found to be different for loading and unloading. Speed brackets were found to start to plastically deform when torqued to 24 degrees (26 Nmm of torque), while Damon brackets did not plastically deform until 28 degrees (38 Nmm of torque). Damon brackets were found not to plastically deform as easily and to have a smaller increase in torque play than Speed brackets. Both the Damon and the Speed brackets demonstrated minimal effect of plastic deformation and torque play at maximum angles of twist less than 20 degrees. Torque measured in the brackets was different for loading and unloading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".