Experimental investigation of acoustic streaming flows inside a standing wave tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acoustic streaming is identified as one of the several phenomena which affect the efficiency of thermoacoustic system by causing convective heat transfer. In the context of thermoacoustic machines, most of the experimental and numerical studies were performed on Rayleigh acoustic streaming. In the present study, different acoustic streaming flows within a standing wave tube were investigated. Experiments were performed using particle image velocimetry. A rectangular Plexiglas resonator was used as an idealized standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator. The experimental results were compared with linear acoustic theory to ascertain their validity. Acoustic streaming generated due to interaction of standing wave with thermoacoustic core was also studied. Simplified components were used to model the stack and heat exchangers. It was found that presence of rigid obstacles in the standing wave resonator changed the streaming flow completely. Both the magnitude and shape of the streaming cells changed when compared with the classical Rayleigh streaming cell. The resulting local streaming velocity due to rigid obstacles in the standing wave tube had very high magnitude when compared with streaming in an empty standing wave tube.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".