Bibliographic record
Abstract
This review was prepared for presentation at the 13th Canadian Materials Science Conference held June 5 to 8, 2001 in Sudbury, Ontario – the heart of nickel production in Canada. Nickel has a wide application in structural and special purpose alloys such as stainless steels, superalloys and low alloy steels. The wide use of nickel is associated with its crystal structure and other metallurgical properties. Nickel has a face centered cubic (FCC) crystal lattice which provides a good matrix for high temperature structural applications and allows for the complex precipitation of coherent intermetallic compounds and carbides in Ni-base superalloys. In stainless steels, nickel stabilizes the austenitic phase and thereby improves the mechanical properties and ease of fabrication. It also improves the corrosion resistance of steels. Nickel is used as an alloying element in low alloy steels primarily because of its influence on phase diagrams (stabilizing austenite and increasing solubility of other alloy elements) and on deformation behaviour (improving low temperature toughness by promoting cross-slip and/or causing solution softening).Ce compte-rendu a été préparé pour présentation à la 13ième Conférence Canadienne de la Science des Matériaux qui a eu lieu du 5 au 8 juin 2001 à Sudbury, Ontario – le coeur de la production du nickel au Canada. Le nickel est grandement utilisé dans les aciers structurals et dans les alliages spécialisés, e.g. les aciers inoxydables, les superalliages et les aciers faiblement alliés. Cette utilisation importante du nickel est associée avec sa structure cristalline et autres propriétés métallurgiques. Le nickel a un réseau cristallin cubique à faces centrées (fcc), lequel fournit une bonne matrice pour les applications structurales à haute température et permet une précipitation complexe de composés intermétalliques cohérents et de carbures dans les superalliages à base de Ni. Dans les aciers inoxydables, le nickel stabilise la phase austénitique et, de cette façon, améliore les propriétés et facilite la fabrication. Il améliore également la résistance à la corrosion des aciers. Le nickel est utilisé comme élément d’alliage dans les aciers faiblement alliés premièrement à cause de son influence sur les diagrammes de phase (en stabilisant l’austénite et en augmentant la solubilité des autres éléments d’alliage) et sur le comportement de déformation (en améliorant la ténacité à basse température en promouvant le glissement transversal des dislocations et/ou en causant un adoucissement par mise en solution)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".