Impact of a disease and a defoliating insect on houndstongue (<i>Cynoglossum officinale</i>) growth: implications for weed biological control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary The noxious weed houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale) has become a major problem on the forested rangelands in the interior of British Columbia. However, recently the fungus Phoma pomorum and the ranchman's tigermoth (Platyprepia virginalis) were identified as potential biocontrol agents of this biennial weed. Infection by the fungus Ph. pomorum resulted in the formation of large brown lesions on leaves of houndstongue. In culture, the fungus readily produced pycnidia with pycnidiospores measuring 5.7 μm × 1.7 μm. The effect of Ph. pomorum and P. virginalis on the growth of houndstongue was examined over a six week period. Leaf age strongly influenced the intra plant distribution of insect feeding and lesion formation with Ph. pomorum primarily attacking the older leaves, while P. virginalis larvae preferred feeding on young leaves. Infection of leaves by Ph. pomorum resulted in their premature death. The effect of infection by Ph. pomorum on plant weight varied among tests, but the disease usually increased the number or percentage of dead leaves and reduced root biomass. A study of the effect of plant age and disease on houndstongue showed that younger plants infected with Ph. pomorum had a slightly higher percentage of dead leaves than older plants, but that reductions in live leaf weight and root weight were similar for different age groups. Six weeks after exposure to feeding damage by P. virginalis, there was no significant effect of P. virginalis on plant weight either acting alone or in combination with Ph. pomorum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".