L'effet du Code civil du Québec sur les municipalités : les règles générales et leur application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le présent article pose, en premier lieu, les principes de base régissant l'application du Code civil du Québec aux municipalités. Analysant la disposition préliminaire et l'article 300 de ce code, l'auteur arrive à la conclusion que les municipalités sont régies par le droit public, sauf lorsqu'une règle de droit public déclare le droit civil applicable ou lorsqu'une question n'est pas réglée par le droit public. La règle est toutefois différente en ce qui concerne le Livre sur les obligations. En vertu de l'article 1376, en effet, les municipalités sont régies par ce livre, sauf lorsqu'une règle de droit public le rend non applicable. L'auteur applique ensuite ces principes à trois domaines particuliers : la fiscalité municipale, les contrats et la responsabilité.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".