Music in Exile: Russian Émigré Composers and their Search For National Identity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article is a discussion of the most recent and contemporary Russian musical diaspora. It explores how Russian composers feel about their nationality, what 'Russianness' might mean when applied to music, and whether the compositions of émigré composers can be regarded as Russian in a national sense. Composers discussed include the Russian-born German-Jewish Al'fred Shnitke, who emigrated to Germany in the 1990s, Nikolai Korndorf, who spent the last decade of his life (1991–2001) in Canada, Aleksandr Raskatov, who divides his time between France and Germany, and Ivan Sokolov, who travels between Germany and Russia. The author addresses the question of musical identity using the tools of cognitive musicology, exploring ethnic and socio-cultural roots which embrace not only folk and classical traditions, but also other elements of 'imperial' Russian culture, including patriotic Soviet songs, pre-war tango, and underground 'guitar poetry'. By examining the representation of Russian identity in the music of émigré composers, the author approaches an understanding of how these composers interact in multiple ways within their profession.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".