Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we propose an approximation algorithm for scheduling malleable tasks with precedence constraints. Based on an interesting model for malleable tasks with continuous processor allotments by Prasanna and Musicus [22, 23, 24], we define two natural assumptions for malleable tasks: the processing time of any malleable task is non-increasing in the number of processors allotted, and the speedup is concave in the number of processors. We show that under these assumptions the work function of any malleable task is non-decreasing in the number of processors and is convex in the processing time.Furthermore, we propose a two-phase approximation algorithm for the scheduling problem. In the first phase we solve a linear program to obtain a fractional allotment for all tasks. By rounding the fractional solution, each malleable task is assigned a number of processors. In the second phase a variant of the list scheduling algorithm is employed. In the phases we use two parameters μ ∈{1... ⌊ (m+1)/2⌋} and ρ ∈ [0,1] for the allotment and the rounding, respectively, where m is the number of processors. By choosing appropriate values of the parameters, we show (via a nonlinear program) that the approximation ratio of our algorithm is at most 100/63+100(√6469+13)/5481 ≈ 3.291919. We also show that our result is very close to the best asymptotic one.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".