Frequency of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Various Age Groups with Reference to Etiology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a gradually developing condition manifested by mandibular hypomobility. Limitation of mouth opening can be caused by bony or fibrous ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint as sequel to trauma, infection, and autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in various age groups and to see the etiology of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.Materials & methods: This descriptive study study was carried out at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, deMontmorency College of Dentistry / Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore from September 2004 to August 2005 prospectively. A total 60 patients of various ages having TMJ ankylosis were included. Patients presented with TMJ ankylosis were assessed with detailed history and physical examination. Basic investigations including conventional radiographs and orthopentomogram were undertaken for every patient. Results: Females predominate with 35 (58.30%). Age ranged from 4 to 36 years and 11-20 years (60%) group predominating. In unilateral cases, left side involvement was more common in both males and females. TMJ ankylosis was post traumatic in 47(78.3%) cases followed by infection 7(11.7%) while birth trauma 2(3.3%) was rare. RTA was seen to the most frequent etiological factor followed by the fall.Conclusions: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a preventive entity if posttraumatic rehabilitation is instituted early and properly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i2.21056
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".