Adsorption of Silver onto Activated Carbon from Acidic Media: Nitrate and Sulfate Media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adsorption of silver from acidic silver nitrate and sulfate media onto a peat-based activated carbon was studied. The effects of pH, temperature, and zinc nitrate and zinc sulfate addition on the adsorption kinetics and capacities were investigated. An XRD study showed that Ag(I) was reduced to Ag(0) on the carbon surface during the adsorption process. Low pH, high zinc salt concentration, and temperature are detrimental to the adsorption of silver. Second-order reactions were involved in the process of silver adsorption with respect to Ag(I). Hydroquinone-like surface oxygen functional groups were probably involved in the reduction reaction of Ag(I) → Ag(0). The addition of butanol to the solution appreciably reduced the adsorption rate and capacity of silver on the activated carbon. This indicates that graphene layer surfaces might also be involved in the Ag(I) → Ag(0) reaction because of the enrichment of π-electrons on the basal planes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".