Flow Uniformity in a Model Digester Measured with Electrical Resistance Tomography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability to create uniform liquor flow in the counter-current zones of a continuous digester was studied in the laboratory using a 40L model digester equipped with an eight-plane electrical resistance tomography (ERT) sensor array. Conductively tagged fluid flows were visualized moving through a stationary bed of uncooked wood chips for a range of process flow conditions. Simulations using scaled axial (upflow) and downcomer-screen (radial) flows were used to model the counter-current zones in two industrial digesters. These were compared with flow patterns obtained by varying the ratio of upflow to downcomer-screen flow over a wider range. The optimal flow ratios and fluxes are discussed with regard to radial and vertical zone uniformity. La capacité à créer un écoulement de liqueur uniforme dans les zones à contre-courant d'un digesteur continu a été étudiée en laboratoire à l'aide d'un digesteur modèle de 40 L muni d'une grille de capteurs de tomographie à résistance électrique (ERT) sur huit plans. Des écoulements de fluides marqués de façon conductrice ont été visualisés lors de leur déplacement dans un lit stationnaire de copeaux de bois non cuits pour une gamme de conditions d'écoulement de procédé. On a utilisé des simulations utilisant des écoulements axiaux (ascendants) et des écoulements déversoir-tamis (radiaux) mis à l'échelle afin de modéliser les zones à contre-courant dans deux digesteurs industriels. Ces données ont été comparées à des profils d'écoulement obtenus en variant le rapport entre l'écoulement ascendant et l'écoulement déversoir-tamis sur une large gamme. Les débits et flux optimums sont examinés pour ce qui est de l'uniformité des zones radiale et verticale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".