Shape- and Size-Controlled Synthesis of Monoclinic ErOOH and Cubic Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> from Micro- to Nanostructures and Their Upconversion Luminescence
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A general approach has been developed for the synthesis of monoclinic ErOOH and cubic Er2O3 structures with high yield and controlled size and shape via the solvo-hydrothermal reaction of erbium nitrate in water/ethanol/decanoic acid media. The monoclinic ErOOH phase was formed at relatively low temperature (120-140 degrees C); however, the cubic Er2O3 phase was obtained at higher temperature (160-180 degrees C). By simply tuning different experimental parameters, such as the reaction temperature, the concentration of decanoic acid and erbium precursor etc., different sizes from 3 nm to 3 microm, and a variety of shapes including cores/dots to spheres, wrinkle-surfaced spheres, flowers, dog bonds, wires, rods, bundles, straw sheaves, and brooms can be achieved. The particle size of products decreased from micro- to nanometer as the decanoic acid concentration increased from 0.038 to 0.190 M. Furthermore, by using anhydrous ethanol instead of water-ethanol solvents, the particle size significantly decreased from 18 nm spheres to 3 nm cores. At high precursor monomer concentrations (76.25-152.50 mM), the nanorods were also obtained due to the anisotropic growth. On the basis of this study, a correlation between the experimental parameters and the phase, shape, and size of the products was proposed. The upconversion luminescence properties depend not only on crystalline phase but also on particle size of the products. The luminescence intensity increases with the decrease of particle size from micro- to nanometers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it