Characterization of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex in airway smooth muscle: role of δ-sarcoglycan in airway responsiveness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is an integral part of caveolae microdomains, and its interaction with caveolin-1 is essential for the phenotype and functional properties of airway smooth muscle (ASM). The sarcoglycan complex provides stability to the dystroglycan complex, but its role in ASM contraction and lung physiology in not understood. We tested whether δ-sarcoglycan (δ-SG), through its interaction with the DGC, is a determinant of ASM contraction ex vivo and airway mechanics in vivo. We measured methacholine (MCh)-induced isometric contraction and airway mechanics in δ-SG KO and wild-type mice. Last, we performed immunoblotting and transmission electron microscopy to assess DGC protein expression and the ultrastructural features of tracheal smooth muscle. Our results reveal an age-dependent reduction in the MCh-induced tracheal isometric force and significant reduction in airway resistance at high concentrations of MCh (50.0 mg/mL) in δ-SG KO mice. The changes in contraction and lung function correlated with decreased caveolin-1 and β-dystroglycan abundance, as well as an age-dependent loss of caveolae in the cell membrane of tracheal smooth muscle in δ-SG KO mice. Collectively, these results confirm and extend understanding of a functional role for the DGC in the contractile properties of ASM and demonstrate that this results in altered lung function in vivo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".