Language attitudes in Galicia: using the matched-guise test among high school students
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Adolescents' attitudes towards standard Galician, non-standard Galician and Spanish are examined in this study using a matched-guise test. Results show that adolescents perceive standard and non-standard Galician differently and that different values are attached to the three linguistic varieties investigated. Our findings confirm that certain stigmas are still attached to speaking non-standard Galician and to having a Galician accent when speaking Spanish. Finally, results provide evidence of gender-related trends in regard to standard and non-standard Galician, and also reveal a covert social disapproval of women. Keywords: GalicianSpanishstandardadolescentsmatched-guise Acknowledgements We would like to thank Irene Moyna, Virgina Fajt, Frances Getwick, Jill Zarestky, and Georgianne Moore for their extensive feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. We are also very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their detailed comments and valuable observations. Of course, all errors are our own. Notes 1. For a typology of minority language situations, see Edwards (Citation1997, Citation2010). 2. http://www.xunta.es/linguagalega/noticias/2148 3. For a comprehensive sociolinguistic history of Galician, see Mariño Paz (Citation1998), Rodríguez (Citation1991) and Beswick (Citation2007). 4. Mariño Paz (Citation1998) and Monteagudo Romero (Citation1999) point out that a Galician-Portuguese koiné was spoken in the west of the Iberian Peninsula up until the thirteenth century. 5. http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/ 6. http://galego.org/lexislacion/xbasica/3-83titI.html 7. The Real Academia Galega 'Galician Royal Academy' and the Instituto da Lingua Galega 'Galician Language Institute' collaborate in the standardisation and publication of the standard variety. 8. For further information regarding standardisation in Galicia, see Regueira (Citation1999, Citation2004) and Beswick (Citation2007). 9. http://www.xunta.es/linguagalega/arquivos/Ref.ED_5.pdf 10. http://escolasinfantis.net/ 11. http://www.xunta.es/hemeroteca/-/nova/001206/feij%C3%B3o-avanza-novo-modelo-educativo-trilingue-que-blinda-equilibrio-entre-linguas 12. http://www.edu.xunta.es/web/node/939 13. The Galician vocalic system comprises seven oral vowel phonemes in tonic and pretonic position (/o/, //, /a/, //, /e/, /i/, and /u/), while Spanish comprises five (/o/, /a/, /e/, /i/, and /u/). 14. For an account of the differences between standard and non-standard varieties of Galician, see Beswick (Citation2007, 131–7) and Regueira (Citation1999, Citation2004). 15. Participants were given the option to fill out a standard Galician and a Spanish version of the rating sheet. 16. The grouping was done a priori and not based on responses, thus no further statistical testing was needed. 17. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: http://www.educacion.gob.es
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it