A Combined Phonotogical Awareness, Whole Language, and Metacognitive Approach to Teach Reading to Reading Resistors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effectiveness of a reading remediation program for reading disabled (RD) students that was based on phonological awareness, as well as incorporating aspects of whole language and netacognitive instruction. Participants consisted primarily of treatment resistant RD students (N = 68; age range: 6-17 years) with a mean age Of 11.3 years, referred to a reading clinic at a school dedicated to working with children with learning disabilities. Pre/post intervention measures were analyzed by repeated measures multivariate analyzed of variance (MANONVA). Results (Wilk's Lambda = .33, F(7,49) = 14.16, p< .ooi) indicated students' phonological awareness, reading comprehension and, to a lessor extent, spelling had improved post intervention (Cohen's d ranged from .14 to .82). The results are discussed in relation to current research on remedial reading programs and reading treatment resistors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".