Reflection-dominated X-ray spectra of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies: Mrk 478 and EXO 1346.2+2645
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multi-epoch XMM–Newton spectra of the two narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1), Mrk 478 and EXO 1346.2+2645, are presented. The data were fitted with different models, including the relativistically blurred reflection model reflionx, which was found to give a good description of both spectra in all epochs. The two sources are reflection dominated with the illuminating continuum hidden from view. This can be explained in terms of either a corrugated disc or strong gravitational light bending effects. The emission from these two sources comes from a very small region (a few gravitational radii), very close to a rapidly spinning black hole. Spectral variability analysis shows that both sources have constant rms spectra, and constant hardness ratios in all epochs, in agreement with a single spectral component. The constancy spectrum between high and low states rules out alternative models such as partial covering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".