Stage-specific interactions between dominant consumers within a small stream ecosystem: direct and indirect consequences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stage-specific interactions can have large effects on food webs and ecosystem processes. We investigated stage-specific interactions between signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), the 2 dominant consumers coexisting in a small stream ecosystem. We used enclosure experiments to assess effects of young-of-the-year (YOY) or adult crayfish on individual growth of YOY or adult fish and vice versa. Adult crayfish had adverse effects on the individual growth of YOY fish. Adult fish had no significant effect on YOY crayfish. There were reciprocal negative effects of YOY crayfish and YOY trout on each other’s growth rates. Adult crayfish had the largest effect on leaf-litter loss rate, whereas fish and YOY crayfish had no significant effect. However, both adult and YOY crayfish reduced benthic invertebrate abundances in leaf packs to <⅓ those of the controls, whereas fish had no significant effects. Neither consumer species had significant effects on the invertebrates in gravel baskets in the central portion of the enclosures. These results show that ontogenetic-stage-specific effects complicate the characterization of foodweb interactions between species. Ontogenetic stage is important in determining magnitude of the interactions between these 2 consumers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".