Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract I. Introduction 000 II. Linear Multipoles 000 A. Multipole Fields 000 1. Multipole Potentials 000 2. Ion Motion in 2D Multipole Fields 000 3. Ion Motion in Quadrupole Fields 000 4. Ion Motion in Higher Multipole Fields 000 5. Linear Ion Guides, Collision Cells, and Traps 000 6. Collisional Cooling 000 7. Ion Excitation in the Presence of a Collision Gas 000 8. Ion Isolation 000 9. Trap Capacity 000 A. Mass Discrimination Effects 000 III. Linear Traps Combined with Other Mass Analyzers 000 A. Linear Traps Combined with 3D Paul Traps 000 B. Linear Ion Traps Combined with TOF Mass Analyzers 000 C. Linear Traps Combined with FTICR 000 IV. Linear Traps as Mass Spectrometers 000 A. Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry in a Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap 000 B. Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer with Radial Ion Ejection 000 C. Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer with Axial Ejection 000 V. Summary and Outlook 000 Acknowledgments 000 List of Symbols 000 References 000 Linear ion traps are finding new applications in many areas of mass spectrometry. In a linear ion trap, ions are confined radially by a two‐dimensional (2D) radio frequency (RF) field, and axially by stopping potentials applied to end electrodes. This review focuses on linear ion trap instrumentation. Potentials and ion motion in linear multipole fields and methods of ion trapping, cooling, excitation, and isolation are described. This is followed by a description of various mass discrimination effects that have been reported with linear ion traps. Linear ion traps combined in various ways with three‐dimensional (3D) traps, time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass analyzers, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers are then given. Linear ion traps can be used as stand alone mass analyzers, and their use for mass analysis by Fourier transforming image currents, by mass selective radial ejection, and by mass selective axial ejection are reviewed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it