Experimental Studies of Visco-Elastic Flow Using Visco-Plastic Lubricant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multi-layer shear flows of viscous fluids are frequently vulnerable to interfacial instabilities. In the case of a duct flow, it is known that use of a yield stress fluid as the lubricating fluid, coupled with maintaining a plug region at the interface, can lead to flows that are hydrodynamically stable: linearly and nonlinearly, both theoretically and in laboratory experimental studies; see [1],[2], and [3]. Whether the same technique is effective in stabilizing multi-layer duct flows with a visco-elastic core fluid is unknown and also relevant to many potential applications. In this paper we provide an experimental study by using viscoelastic fluid (Polyethylene Oxide solution) in the core region and visco-plastic fluid (Carbopol Solution) with yield stress as lubricant. The experiments have been carried out in axisymmetric configuration with different size of inner pipes. Via control of the individual fluid flow rates, it is also possible to vary the inner fluid radius over a significant range, which suggests utility for various industrial processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".