Design, simulation, and fabrication of nano-scale silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated photonic phased array switch elements (IPPAS) utilizing nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of this research is to introduce the design and simulation of a novel 2×2 SOI integrated photonic phased array switch. Under-etched NEMS-operated slot waveguides are used as the active phase shifters offering the benefits of compact size and low power consumption. The design of the NEMS-operated phase shifter has been validated by numerical analysis and simulation. The finite difference mode three-dimensional full-vectorial solver of FIMMPROP is used for the simulation. The designed NEMS-operated phase shift element is only 349 μm in length, exhibits an excess loss of about 1.1 dB and provides a phase shift of 180°. Straight transition slot waveguide couplers with high efficiency of about 96.7% have been designed to couple the NEMS-operated phase shifters to standard unslotted waveguides. The 2×2 MMI (multimode interference) couplers used in the switch element feature a compact size of 4μm × 61.2 μm, have a small excess loss of about 0.155 dB and minimal imbalance of about -0.004 dB. The NEMS-operated phase shifters are located on the sides of the switch with their outermost electrode bond pads. Optical interferogram response is utilized for the testing of the designed phase shifters.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".