Amplification and invasiveness of epithelial progenitors during gastric carcinogenesis in trefoil factor 1 knockout mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: It is not known whether or not epithelial progenitors of the pyloric antrum are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Normally, these progenitors give rise to two main cell lineages: pit and gland mucous cells. This study was designed to examine the changes that occur in pyloric antral mucous cell lineages and their progenitors during development of gastric adenoma and carcinoma in trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) knockout mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pyloric antral mucosal tissues of TFF1 knockout mice at ages from 3 days to 17 months were processed for histochemical analysis using Ulex europaeus and Grifforia simplifolica lectins as markers for pit and gland mucous cells, respectively. The dividing epithelial progenitors were identified by using immunohistochemical and electron microscopy techniques. RESULTS: TFF1 loss was associated with amplification of both mucus-secreting pit and gland cells. Both lectins examined bound not only to mature mucous cells, but also to most of epithelial progenitors which gradually amplified with age and frequently were seen in mitosis. Analysis of 12- to 17-month-old TFF1-deficient stomachs revealed occasional groups of poorly differentiated mucosal cells with features similar to those of epithelial progenitors (or stem cells), in the basal portion of the antral mucosa. These cells eventually invaded the muscularis mucosa while maintaining some capacity to differentiate. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the progenitors of pit and gland mucous cells contribute to gastric carcinogenesis in the pyloric antrum of TFF1 knockout mice, strongly supporting the concept of stem cell origin of cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".