Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wedge-pile, a piling system in which a pile is expanded once jacked or driven into the ground, was developed at Imperial College, England. The expansion of the pile generates an increase in bearing capacity of the piling system which is closely related to the soil type. In the present study, the wedge-pile system has been tested in three sensitive Champlain clay deposits of different overconsolidation ratios. The piles were tested in tension and the test results show that in such deposits the average increase in pull-out capacity is about 30%, which is relatively small. An approach for predicting the enhancement in pull-out capacity using a closed-end self-boring pressuremeter is proposed. Simulation of the wedge-pile before and after its expansion was performed using this tool and showed that the increase in radial effective stress due to pressuremeter expansion appears to be in good agreement with the increase in the friction mobilized during pile tests.Key words: sensitive clay, wedge-pile, traction test, skin friction, pressuremeter, holding test.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".