The G11.11-0.12 Infrared-dark Cloud: Anomalous Dust and a Nonmagnetic Isothermal Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The G11.11-0.12 infrared-dark cloud has a filamentary appearance, both in absorption against the diffuse 8 μm Galactic background and in emission from cold dust at 850 μm. A detailed comparison of the dust properties at these two wavelengths reveals that standard models for the diffuse interstellar dust in the Galaxy are not consistent with the observations. The ratio of absorption coefficients within the cloud is κ 8 /κ 850 ≤ 1010, which is well below that expected for the diffuse interstellar medium where κ 8 /κ 850 ~ 1700. This may be due to the formation of ice mantles on the dust and grain coagulation, both of which are expected within dense regions of molecular clouds. The 850 μm emission probes the underlying radial structure of the filament. The profile is well represented by a marginally resolved central region and a steeply falling envelope, with Σ( r ) ∝ r -α , where α ≥ 3, indicating that G11.11-0.12 is the first observed filament with a profile similar to that of a nonmagnetic isothermal cylinder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".