Writing as a form of 'survival' in Franco-America Translingualism, memory and identity in Robert B. Perreault and Normand Beaupré
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An issue lying at the core of analyses of ethnic writing is the way that the question of identity often generates a dialogue between writing and being. American literature in languages other than English engages with this dialogue, though the nature of this engagement is rarely given appropriate recognition in American Studies. As a step towards redressing this neglect, this article focuses on two contemporary Franco-American writers, both third-generation immigrants, Normand Beaupré and Robert B. Perreault, who choose to write in the language of their ancestors, French. In doing so, they not only cope with a pride rooted in la survivance, the ideology that used to define their community, but also attempt to link their narrative to a Québec storytelling tradition. In choosing to express themselves in their native French, they try to demarginalize it and to bring their native voice back to the center. Their works also aim at tackling the issue of code-switching, of working with a mixed and impure language – an issue which has forced many Franco-American novelists to write in English rather than in French.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".