Gas Hydrate Formation in a Variable Volume Bed of Silica Sand Particles
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gas hydrate formation was studied in a new apparatus designed to accommodate three different size volume beds of silica sand particles. The sand particles have an average diameter equal to 329 μm. The hydrate was formed in the water, which occupied the interstitial space of the water-saturated silica sand bed. A bulk gas phase was present above the bed (gas cap). Gas uptake measurements were carried out during experiments at constant temperature. More than 74.0% of water conversion to hydrate was achieved in all experiments conducted with methane at 4.0 and 1.0 °C. An initial slow growth was followed by a rapid hydrate growth rate of equal magnitude for nearly all experiments until 43−53% of water was converted to hydrate. During the third and final growth stage, the final conversions were between 74 and 98% and the conversion dynamics changed. Independent verification of hydrate formation in the sand was achieved via Raman spectroscopy and morphology observations in experiments using the same sand/water system.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it