Polymer Diffusion in PBMA Latex Films Using a Polymerizable Benzophenone Derivative as an Energy Transfer Acceptor
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements were used to monitor polymer diffusion in poly(butyl methacrylate) latex films with a polymer molar mass of M w ≈ 125 000 ( M w / M n = 2.5). These experiments employed the nonfluorescent acceptor chromophore NBen, which allowed faster data acquisition at lower acceptor dye concentration (0.3, 0.5 mol %) than previous experiments with anthracene (1 mol %) as the acceptor. The data were analyzed in two distinct ways. Our traditional simplified approach involved calculating f m values for the quantum efficiencies of FRET (Φ ET ). Apparent diffusion coefficients D app were calculated by making rather severe assumptions about f m . In addition, we carried out mathematical simulations of diffusion which satisfied Fick's laws in a spherical geometry. The concentration profiles of donor and acceptor were introduced into equations that describe the rate for of energy transfer, and donor decay profiles were simulated ( t ). By comparing simulated and experimental decay profiles as a function of sample annealing time, optimum values of the mean diffusion coefficient 〈 D 〉 were obtained. A comparison of the two different methods of data analysis indicates that D app values are larger than 〈 D 〉 values by a factor of 2−4 but track the “true” diffusion coefficients rather well. From the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients, we found effective activation energies for diffusion of E a = 33.5 ± 2.5 kcal/mol from D app and 38 ± 5 kcal/mol from 〈 D 〉. These values are very similar to the value of E a = 39 kcal/mol from D app obtained in earlier experiments in which anthracene served as the acceptor chromophore.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it