In vitro inhibitory effect of hen egg white lysozyme on Clostridium perfringens type A associated with broiler necrotic enteritis and its alpha-toxin production
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Clostridium perfringens type A causes both clinical and subclinical forms of necrotic enteritis in domestic avian species. In this study the inhibitory effect of hen egg white lysozyme on the vegetative form of Cl. perfringens type A and the production of alpha-toxin in vitro was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A micro-broth dilution assay was used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of lysozyme against three clinical isolates of Cl. perfringens type A in 96-well microtitre plates. The MIC of lysozyme against Cl. perfringens isolates was found to be 156 microg ml(-1). Scanning electron micrographs of the cells treated with 100 microg ml(-1) of lysozyme revealed extensive cell wall damage. A quantitative sandwich ELISA for alpha-toxin produced by Cl. perfringens was developed based on a commercial ELISA kit allowing only qualitative detection. Addition of 50 microg ml(-1) of lysozyme did not inhibit the growth of Cl. perfringens but significantly inhibited the toxin production. CONCLUSIONS: Lysozyme inhibited the growth of Cl. perfringens type A at 156 microg ml(-1). At sublethal levels, lysozyme was able to inhibit the alpha-toxin production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Inhibition of Cl. perfringens type A and its alpha-toxin production by hen egg white lysozyme had never previously been reported. By inhibiting this avian pathogen and its toxin production, lysozyme showed potential for use in the treatment and prevention of necrotic enteritis and other Cl. perfringens type A related animal diseases.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it