Confocal immunofluorescence study of rat aortic body chemoreceptors and associated neurons in situ and in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aortic bodies (ABs) are putative peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, distributed near the aortic arch. Though presumed to be analogous to the well-studied carotid bodies (CBs), their anatomical organization, innervation, and function are poorly understood. By using multilabel confocal immunofluorescence, we investigated the cellular organization, innervation, and neurochemistry of ABs in whole mounts of juvenile rat vagus and recurrent laryngeal (V-RL) nerves and in dissociated cell culture. Clusters of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) glomus cells were routinely identified within these nerves. Unlike the CB, many neuronal cell bodies and processes, identified by peripherin (PR) and neurofilament/growth-associated protein (NF70/GAP-43) immunoreactivity, were closely associated with AB glomus clusters, especially near the V-RL bifurcation. Some neuronal cell bodies were immunopositive for P2X2 and P2X3 purinoceptor subunits, which were also found in nerve terminals surrounding glomus cells. Immunoreactivity against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was detected in local neurons, glomus cells, and apposed nerve terminals. Few neurons were immunopositive for TH or neuronal nitric oxide synthase. A similar pattern of purinoceptor immunoreactivity was observed in tissue sections of adult rat V-RL nerves, except that glomus cells were weakly P2X3-IR. Dissociated monolayer cultures of juvenile rat V-RL nerves yielded TH-IR glomus clusters in intimate association with PR- or NF70/GAP-43-IR neurons and their processes, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-IR type II (sustentacular) cells. Cocultures survived for several days, wherein neurons expressed voltage-activated ionic currents and generated action potentials. Thus, this coculture model is attractive for investigating the role of glomus cells and local neurons in AB function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".