Pressure measurements in laboratory-scale blast wave flow fields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study examines the effects that temporal and spatial averagings due to finite size and finite response time of pressure transducers have on the pressure measurements in blast wave flow fields generated by milligram charges of silver azide. In such applications, the characteristic time and length scales of the physical process are of the same order of magnitude as the temporal and spatial characteristics of the transducer. The measured pressure values will then be spatially and temporally averaged, and important parameters for the assessment of blast effects may not be properly represented in the measured trace. In this study, face-on and side-on pressure transducer setups are considered. In the experiments, face-on and side-on readings at the same distance from the charge as well as time-resolved optical visualization of the whole flow field are obtained simultaneously for the same explosive event. The procedure of data extraction from the experimental pressure traces is revisited and discussed in detail. In the numerical modeling part of the study, numerical blast flow fields are generated using an Euler flow solver. A numerical pressure transducer model is developed to qualitatively simulate the averaging effects. The experimental and numerical data show that the results of pressure measurements in experiments with small charges must be used with great caution. The effective averaging of the pressure signal may lead to a significant underestimation of blast wave intensities. The side-on setup is especially prone to this effect. The face-on setup provides results close to those obtained from optical records only if the pressure transducer is sufficiently remote from the charge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".