Morphological Characterization of Induced Fracture in Sandstone Using X-ray Computed Tomography Scanning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Computed tomography (CT) scanning is one of the viable techniques to evaluate apertures of rough walled fractures. However, quantitative evaluation of small fracture apertures using CT data requires use of calibration curves. In this study, the increments of fracture apertures were physically measured using the DEMEC points and the integrated CT numbers across the fracture aperture were calculated from the CT data for development of the calibration chart. This method overcomes the difficulty in fabrication of perfectly smooth rock fractures for the calibration process. It was demonstrated that the calibration curve developed from this method could be used to characterize variable aperture fractures in sandstone within a certain accuracy. In addition, geostatistic tools were used to quantify any anisotropy in fracture aperture. Results reveal that the induced fracture in sandstone displays a high aperture variation and undulation with an anisotropy in aperture distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".