Normal Glomerular Filtration Rate in Long-Term Follow-up of Children after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cyclosporine A (CyA) and tacrolimus are the principal immunosuppressive agents used for OLT in children. However, progressive deterioration of renal function from calcineurin inhibitor toxicity after OLT has been widely reported. The aim of this study was to assess long-term renal function in children after OLT. METHODS: We reviewed all OLT patients surviving >1 year at Sainte Justine Hospital from 1987 to 2003. The GFR (ml/min/1.73 m) was measured yearly by the Tc-99m DTPA single injection technique RESULTS: In all, 101 OLT patients (27 tyrosinemia, 33 biliary atresia, 5 fulminant hepatic failure, 36 miscellaneous) were studied. Median age at OLT was 35 months (range 6-178 months) in tyrosinemia group and 58 months (range 1-226 months) in the "Others" (P = NS), median pediatric end-stage liver disease score was respectively 3 (range -9 to 21) and 15 (-9 to 35), (P=0.001), and median follow-up was 6 (range 1-14) and 6 (range 1-17) (P = NS) years, respectively. Median annual GFR values in tyrosinemia fluctuated between 61 and 104 ml/min/1.73 m, with an improving tendency, and 94-121 ml/min/1.73 m in the Others. GFR did not differ on CyA vs. tacrolimus treatment. The median duration of therapy with calcium-channel blocker in the tyrosinemia group was 5 (1-13) vs. 2 (1-13) years in the Others. CONCLUSIONS: Median GFR remained normal in most nontyrosinemia patients (Others). Tyrosinemia patients remained stable at a lower GFR. CyA administration in three daily doses and prolonged calcium-channel blocker therapy may have contributed to this stability. Impairment of kidney function was associated with congenital kidney disease, toxic kidney injury, and portal hypertension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".