Development of a new class of precast concrete pipes - an experimental evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concrete pipes represent the backbone of the municipal storm and wastewater collection systems of Ontario, Canada. Industry and academia partnered on a research effort that aimed at developing new precast-concrete pipe products that provide added value to the final user in comparison with existing products. This paper describes a full-scale experimental evaluation of the design, manufacturing, and performance aspects of a "cellular" concrete pipe, a precast concrete pipe in which multiple continuous conduits were incorporated within its wall. Two fully-instrumented prototype segments of the proposed cellular concrete pipe were manufactured using standard dry-cast manufacturing procedures. The pipe segments were subjected to a D-load test to evaluate their structural performance. The observed structural performance was found to be comparable to solid-wall specimens, particularly when a four-conduit configuration was used. Of the six materials used as conduits, PVC and aluminum were found to perform the best. The presence of the conduits appears to delay the on-set of major cracks, thus increasing the D-load value. Key words: precast, concrete, pipe, experimental, conduit system, trenchless construction methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".