Soil–environment interactions modelling for expansive soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water content and matric suction changes in unsaturated expansive soils due to environmental variations contribute to the overall volume changes (shrinkage or swelling). The soil movements cause tilt in trees, highway surfaces, building foundations and pipelines and pose problems to the functionality of the infrastructure. In this paper, a modulus of elasticity-based method approach (MEBM) proposed by Adem and Vanapalli (2013a) is tested for modelling the soil–environment interactions for a test site with an expansive soil deposit that was modelled by Ito and Hu (2011) for 1 year. In the MEBM, the soil suction changes in the active zone and the associated modulus of elasticity were estimated and used as key parameters in a volume change constitutive relationship to model the soil–environment interactions over time. The MEBM approach reasonably models the water content and matric suction changes over time and the swelling–shrinkage movements. The study results are encouraging for extending the simple MEBM in practice for rational design purposes of both the sub- and superstructures constructed in or on expansive soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".