Stability of Regenerated Bone by Octacalcium Phosphate (OCP) Combined with Collagen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our previous study showed that synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) enhanced bone regeneration more than hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Recently, we have engineered a composite of synthetic OCP and collagen (OCP/Collagen), which improved the handling performance and synergistically enhanced bone regeneration up to eight weeks after implantation. The present study investigated whether the regenerated bone by OCP/Collagen could be stable for long period. OCP/Collagen sponge was prepared from pepsin-digested atelocollagen isolated from the porcine dermis and OCP granules. A standardized critical-sized defect was made in the rat calvarium, and an OCP/Collagen was implanted into the defect. Five rats were fixed at twenty-four weeks after implantation and examined radiographically and histologically. Radiographic examination showed that radiopaque figure was occupied throughout the defect, whereas OCP/Collagen itself was no radiopacity before implantation. Histological examination showed that newly formed bone was observed throughout the defect in OCP/Collagen. The implanted OCP/Collagen tended to be resorbed and was replaced by newly formed bone. The regenerated bone was stable and matured. The present study indicated that bone regeneration by the implantation of OCP/Collagen was stable for long-term periods. Application of OCP/Collagen without both cell transplantation and exogenous osteogenic cytokines would result in cost-effective bone regenerative therapy in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".