Swelling-induced morphology in ultrathin supported films of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">poly</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>l</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">lactide</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study we describe a surface morphology that arises when ultrathin supported films of poly(d,l-lactide) are immersed in water. The films are initially flat with a rms roughness of approximately 2 nm. After immersion the surfaces of the films are covered with craters. The craters have a narrow distribution of sizes and are typically micrometers in diameter. They have depths in the 10-100 nm range. In situ atomic force microscopy shows that the craters occur as a result of a blistering process, which occurs when the films delaminate from the silicon substrate. The films buckle away from the substrate to give a nonzero initial diameter and then the blisters proceed to grow until they reach a maximum size. At any point during the growth process, the blisters can be made to collapse by removing the films from water. This phenomenon is explained in terms of a laterally confined swelling film, which has a buckling instability and releases excess strain energy by wrinkling. An expression for the initial buckling wavelength is extracted using the expressions for a buckling plate. Information about the mechanical properties of the films and the surface interaction between the film and substrate can also be obtained by considering the kinetics of blister growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".