SODIUM HYALURONATE FOR FUNCTIONAL IMPROVEMENT OF THE OSTEOARTHRITIC KNEE AFTER THREE AND SIX INJECTIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteoarthritis of the knee is a debilitating disease that can severely hinder the mobility of patients. Until recently, continued usage of the joint was accomplished by decreasing the pain and inflammation with corticosteroids or long-term therapy with analgesics and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Viscosupplementation with weekly intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate (SH) is currently used as an adjunctive or alternative treatment to improve the rheological properties of the synovial fluid and result in an improvement in joint function. PURPOSE A randomized, double-blind study was conducted to determine the functional improvement from baseline with three and six injections of SH. METHODS Each patient was evaluated one week after each injection for self-paced walking and stepping times (SPW and SPS) and VAS pain associated with these functions. RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the evaluated patients in either group at baseline (six injections, n=52 [G6] and three injections, n=50 [G3]) with respect to sex, age or osteoarthritic grade. Following three injections, G3 patients and those receiving three of the six injections demonstrated a statistically significant improvement for SPW (p < 0.05). G6 patients also showed a statistical improvement for SPS (p< 0.05). G6 patients continued to demonstrate statistically significant improvements (from the three injections baseline) for SPS by injection five and SPW by injection six (p< 0.05). Exercise induced pain was significantly reduced in G6 patients for both SPS and SPW by the forth injection (p< 0.05) and continued to improve to injection six (p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sodium hyaluronate appears to improve function and load bearing of osteoarthritic joints by improving the synovial fluid properties. Subsequently, improved usage of the joint appears to reduce the pain associated with mobility. Pain reduction may not be an appropriate primary measure for SH efficacy. Sponsored by BIONICHE LIFESCIENCES
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".