Temporal and spatial distributions of sediment mercury in restored coastal saltmarshes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Saltmarsh restoration, through de-embankment, is implemented across Europe and North America with the aims of restoring habitat, sustainably protecting coastlines, and improving water quality. Yet, there is very little understanding of the effects of de-embankment on sediment physico-chemical characteristics and how these characteristics may influence the behaviour of redox-sensitive contaminant metals such as mercury (Hg). The overall aim of this study was to provide baseline data on Hg biogeochemistry in restored coastal saltmarshes and in particular: 1) to assess the spatial variability of sediment total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations over three spatial scales, 2) to examine the association between Hg speciation and indicators of saltmarsh development (loss on ignition, sediment bulk density and moisture content) and 3) to explore how these sediment characteristics and Hg biogeochemistry change with time following de-embankment and hence saltmarsh development. Total Hg and MeHg concentrations at all sites are moderate to high and THg variation is controlled by proximity to external Hg sources. MeHg concentrations and physico-chemical sediment characteristics are variable at different spatial scales in natural and restored sites. MeHg concentrations and physico-chemical parameters varied predominantly at the intermediate (~ 15–50 m) spatial scale in natural saltmarshes, whilst restored sites were less heterogeneous indicative of lower habitat and topographic heterogeneity suggesting that physico-chemical sediment characteristics exert a strong control on Hg methylation. In restored sites, physico-chemical sediment characteristics and MeHg concentrations reflect saltmarsh development and MeHg concentrations increase with time following de-embankment. In the first few decades following de-embankment previous land-use has a significant impact on physical sediment characteristics and MeHg concentrations are lower in restored saltmarshes probably due to poor drainage and/or limited vegetation development. However, with time both physico-chemical characteristics and MeHg concentrations in the restored and natural sites converge, suggesting that it may take decades or even centuries before restored sites have similar physical and biogeochemical conditions to their natural counterparts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".