Benthic grazing and functional compensation in stressed and recovered lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During ecosystem recovery, grazing pressure is expected to increase as larger herbivores become reestablished. Alternatively, grazing pressure may remain unchanged during recovery as large consumers replace and functionally compensate for more abundant populations of smaller, tolerant herbivores. We tested these hypotheses by conducting a 90-day experiment in which three size categories of benthic consumers were excluded from producers in three chemically stressed and three recovered lakes. Our findings showed that consumers did not significantly affect producer biomass in either type of lake. However, exposure to larger and more abundant grazers did induce a physiognomic shift towards less edible producers in the recovered lakes. In comparison, recovered lakes contained significantly greater producer biomass and diversity. Comparison of the observed subtle effects of consumers and pronounced negative impact of ecosystem stress on benthic producers suggest that they can compensate for natural disturbances (e.g., grazing), but not for the other multiple stressors associated with anthropogenic acidification of the Killarney lakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".