MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W2084881473 · doi:10.1353/aiq.2005.0002

Wicozani Wakan Ota Akupi (Bringing Back Many Sacred Healings)

2004· article· en· W2084881473 on OpenAlex
George Blue Bird

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe American Indian Quarterly · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicIndigenous Studies and Ecology
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsWhite (mutation)Government (linguistics)Order (exchange)Resistance (ecology)LawFirst nationEthnologyHistoryPolitical scienceIndigenous

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The years between 1849 and 1890 were the darkest for the three divisions of the Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota tribal nations.1 We suffered through these years as white European people began moving through our lands, across the plains, over the mountains, and to the western seaboard. We suffered before and after this time, but never so harshly and inhumanely as we did between 1849 and 1890. A secret order of extermination for our leaders and warriors existed at all times. This order would later be put in place against our old people, women, children, animals, and anything that moved in our camps. This order was authorized by different U.S. government and military leaders who were experts in corruption and cruelty. When we look at the treaties that were made between our people and the U.S. government, we see our ancestors who were forced into believing that we would be given help and protection if we gave up our resistance in defense of our lands and accepted the reservation system. Some of our reservations were created on lands where we chose them to be, in our spiritual places of refuge, but others were created on lands around military forts or on lands not suitable for making a living. Our Dakota and Nakota relatives in Mini Sota (one translation being Smokey Water because of the huge amounts of fog on the lakes and rivers in present-day Minnesota) were the first of our three dialectical tribal divisions to feel the viciousness of the white people and their encroachment on our lands. The Dakota and Nakota nations lived in many dozens of traditional camps west of present-day Minneapolis, Minnesota, all the way to Mini Sose Wakpala (The River That Runs Fast, or the Missouri River) in present-day South Dakota. The Lakota nation was next in line for the same experience of anguish [End Page 252] and hatred. We received the same treatment: extensions of friendliness, sporadic intrusions onto our lands, threats of war, engagement in treaty making, then actual war against our people, massacres of our people, and political assassination of our leaders. Then we were left alone to live with the echoes of genocide. We were forced to watch our people die at the hands of the soldiers who outnumbered us and used a powerful arsenal of advanced weaponry. All of the lands west of the Missouri River, south into what is now Nebraska, all around Paha Sapa (Black Hills, named because as one approaches the area, the hills appear to be black), and far into what is now North Dakota, were occupied by the Lakota Nation. Our three divisions occupied our lands because it was intended to be that way from our Creator, who is named Ate Wakan Tanka (Sacred Father Who Encompasses All). A majority of us were killed without mercy, some of us fled and became members of other tribal bands within our territories, and some of us fled in all directions and settled where we could. Many of us accepted the notion of peace and became dependent on the U.S. government for our general needs. Many of us were captured, forced to walk in long, agonizing death marches, and put in military stockades where we were kept under threat of violence. Our alliances with other tribes and our refuge with them played one of the major roles in our survival. The tribes in the high plains of present-day Canada and the tribes west of the Black Hills took us in and gave us protection until we were strong enough to make our way back to our homelands. On our return we found our camps completely destroyed and our people nowhere around. We were strangers in our own lands. All of the Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota tribal prisoners incarcerated in the state and federal prisons in the Northern Plains are asked to remember the 1,700 Dakota...

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.141
Threshold uncertainty score0.996

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0050.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.006

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.334
Teacher spread0.314 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it