Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children with Cardiomyopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: Cardiomyopathy is a rare condition in children that is associated with high mortality. Although sleep-disordered breathing is prevalent, its frequency and patterns in children with cardiomyopathy are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency and patterns of sleep-disordered breathing and their relationship to cardiac function in children with primary cardiomyopathy. METHODS: This study comprised a prospective, uncontrolled case series. Children with cardiomyopathy completed a sleep questionnaire, overnight polysomnography, blood pressure monitoring, otolaryngological assessment, and transthoracic echocardiography at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (17 males) were recruited. The median age of the patients was 10.7 years, and the median body mass index z score was 0.8. Sleep-disordered breathing was observed in 10 (48%) of 21 patients. Significant central sleep apnea was the main finding in 5 (24%) of 21 of the cohort and in 50% of the sleep-disordered breathing population. The left ventricular end diastolic volume index was greater in children with central sleep apnea than in children without sleep-disordered breathing (P = 0.03). There were significant correlations between the central apnea-hypopnea index and both left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volume indexes (Spearman's r = 0.55, P = 0.01; Spearman's r = 0.47, P = 0.03, respectively). Snoring, sleep architecture, blood pressure, and otolaryngological findings were not significantly different between children with sleep-disordered breathing versus those without sleep-disordered breathing. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep-disordered breathing is common in children with cardiomyopathy. In our present study, 24% of participants exhibited primarily central sleep apnea. The severity of cardiac dysfunction, as measured by left ventricular end diastolic volume index and left ventricular end systolic volume index, is associated with central sleep apnea. Longitudinal research is necessary to better characterize sleep disorders and their impact on cardiac function in a large pediatric cardiomyopathy population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".