“Paintable” 3D printed structures via a post-ATRP process with antimicrobial function for biomedical applications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
3D printing technology is becoming a new attractive manufacturing approach in medical and biomedical fields. In this paper, 3D printed structures were "painted" with functional polymer brushes via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to achieve antimicrobial properties for biomedical applications. An ATRP initiator was added into 3D printing ink without affecting the optical and polymerization properties. After the 3D printing process using the functionalized ink, the surface readily binds with the Br terminated initiator for the following surface modification. Moreover, since the initiator exists in the bulk material and thus the entire printed structure, if needed, any damaged surface can be easily re-painted with a single step of the ATRP polymerization process. To demonstrate the technique, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA) was grafted onto the surface and the adhesion of bacteria was significantly reduced. In addition, the functionalized surface can also inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface. Enabling new functions of the printed structures, the developed technique has significantly expanded the capability of 3D printing technology for biomedical applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it