Increased Oxidative Contribution to Multiple Wingates After 28 Days of Herbal Supplementation in Untrained Individuals.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multiple Wingate efforts induce substantial stress on both the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. This stress may result in elevated reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative tissue damage. An herbal supplement, greens+™, has previously shown in vivo antioxidant function. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of supplementation with greens+™ (Genuine Health, Canada) on putative mitochondrial function as demonstrated by oxidative contribution and markers of ROS production with multiple Wingate efforts. METHODS: All methods were approved by the EMU HSRC. 16 untrained (10 male/6 female; 22±3.5yr, 79.3±13.9kg, VO2Peak = 36.5±8.1 ml/kg/min) gave informed consent and completed an initial VO2peak test on an electrically braked cycle ergometer (Velotron, Racermate WA). After at least 3 days, subjects completed the first of two identical Wingate protocols on the same ergometer consisting of a light warmup followed by 3- 30 sec. maximal efforts separated by 4 min. passive rest. 28 days separated each testing session during which greens+™ or placebo where administered in randomized, double blind fashion while subjects (8 treatment/8control) maintained previous activity level. Blood draws were taken immediately pre and post exercise and 1, 24, 48 hr post exercise. Serum samples were analyzed for markers of oxidative damage Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) concentrations using ELISA Assays (Cell Biolabs, CA) MANOVA was performed using SPSS 15.0 (SPSS., IL; a=0.05). RESULTS: Both absolute and relative VO2 increased in treatment and placebo groups (P<.001) with a treatment by trial effect in relative VO2 (P=.004). Mass was not significantly different (P=.851), nor was there a trial or treatment by trial effect for power (P=0.451) between trials. A trial, but no treatment, effect was observed for MDA and HNE where both were elevated in T2 vs T1 (P<.001). CONCLUSION: A single-multiple Wingate session resulted in greater oxidative contribution to a subsequent bout 28 days later, and supplementation with greens+™ elicited a significantly greater effect. This single session also resulted in greater MDA and 4-HNE levels during the subsequent bout, but these were not different between groups. Funds for this study were provided by Genuine Health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".