Multiple Outflows and Protostars near IC 348 and the Flying Ghost Nebula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using optical (Hα, [S II], and i '), near-IR (H 2 , J , H , and K S ), mid-IR ( Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC 4.5 μm), and submillimeter (850 and 450 μm) data, we have examined the region surrounding the IC 348 cluster and the neighboring "Flying Ghost Nebula" (FGN) and found a multitude of shocks from protostellar outflows including HH 211, which had previously not been detected in visible wavelength images. We have identified 13 protostars in the region that drive protostellar outflows. The region surrounding the FGN is rich in ongoing star formation, with a number of outflows similar to those found in other sites of moderate star formation in Perseus (e.g., L1448, L1455, and Barnard 1). We have also found a candidate bent jet in this region. The axis defined by the bending angle suggests that this source may have been ejected from a multiple star system near the IC 348 IR source.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".