An Experimental Study of Turbulent Convection in Air Using PIV Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Airside turbulent flow structure in a coupled air-water system has been investigated during natural convection. Two-dimensional velocity field in a plane perpendicular to the surface was measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results show the presence of different flow regimes in turbulent velocity fields which increase the complexity of the phenomena. The spectral analysis shows the existence of two power law regimes in the wavenumber spectra of the horizontal and vertical turbulent velocities. The regime at lower wavenumbers exhibits slopes of −3 which correspond to the buoyancy subrange where the energy loss is due to the work against buoyancy. At relatively higher wavenumbers, the inertial subrange with slopes of −5/3 is manifested. The trends of the wavenumber spectra in the present study are similar to the kinetic energy spectra observed in the geophysical studies over land and oceans, which indicates that laboratory experiments could be used to understand the near-surface dynamics in the lower atmosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".